Identifying Rose Classifications

Roses are members of the plant genus Rosa.  Within that genus, roses are grouped into classifications based on the characteristics that each particular plant displays. When you go to a garden center to choose your rosebushes, knowing which class of rose you want is important. You would not want to plant a once-blooming old garden rose in a spot where having season-long color is important.

·        Hybrid teas: These roses bear large flowers that commonly grow one to a long stem and bloom continually throughout the growing season. The bush can grow quite tall, with an upright habit. Hybrid tea roses are usually budded onto a vigorous rootstock, and are a great choice if you like large flowers with a pleasant rose form and if you like to make rose arrangements or have cut flowers in the house.

·        Grandifloras: These are upright plants with hybrid tea-type flowers. The flowers often grow in clusters, but the stems on each flower within a cluster are long enough for cutting. Grandifloras normally grow to between 3 and 6 feet tall. They’re almost always budded and are a good choice if you like lots of blooms for color in the rose garden and stems for cutting, all on the same plant.

·        Polyanthas: A forerunner of modern floribundas, the plant itself can be quite large, covered with small roses. Their usual habit is compact, hardy, and generous-blooming. The variety you see most often is ‘The Fairy’ – a wonderful variety, covered with small pink roses on a plant that can spread to several feet in height and width.

·        Floribundas: These plants have roses that are smaller than hybrid teas and which grow rose clusters on short stems. The rose bush is usually quite compact and blooms continually throughout the growing season. Most floribundas are budded but commercial growers are beginning to grow them on their own roots. Choose floribunda roses if you need fairly low-growing plants that produce great numbers of colorful flowers.

· Miniatures:  Extremely popular small plants, miniature roses are usually between 6 and 36 inches in height, with their leaves and flowers in perfect proportion. They customarily grow on their own roots and aren’t budded, which makes them hardier in cold climates. Most mini rose varieties bloom profusely throughout the growing season and are a great choice for lots of color in a small space. You can grow mini roses  indoors in pots under a full spectrum fluorescent light or grow-light. Merely putting them on a windowsill won’t work – they won’t get enough light to thrive and blossom.

·        Climbers: These plants don’t really climb like clematis or other true vines that wrap around or attach themselves to supports. They do, however, produce really long canes that need to be anchored to a fence, trellis or other support. Otherwise, the plants sprawl on the ground.  Roses bloom along the whole length of the cane, especially if the cane is tied horizontally, such as along a fence. Some climbers bloom only once in the spring, but many modern climbers produce roses throughout the growing season.

·        Shrubs: Because most rose shrubs are quite hardy and easy to grow and great for landscaping, they have become very popular in recent years. They’re generally large plants, bloom profusely throughout the season and if you want to fill a large space with color, the rose shrub  category offers a great many choices.

·       Old garden roses: Often referred to as Antique roses, these roses were discovered or hybridized before 1867. The classification "old garden roses “ is made up of many subclasses of roses, including alba, bourbon, China, hybrid perpetual, damask, and the species roses. Many old garden roses bloom only once during the growing season.

·       Tree roses, or standards: These aren’t included among the basic categories because nearly any rose that is grafted onto a tall trunk is a tree rose.  Most often, hybrid teas, floribundas, and miniatures are used as tree roses. These plants really aren’t even trees. Most just have the lollipop tree look, but are only 2 to 6 feet high. They’re wonderful either in the ground or in containers but are very susceptible to winter damage – in cold climates you must either bury the entire rose plant in the ground or bring it into a cool garage.

Your choice of rose depends on how you plan to use it and on your personal preferences. Some rose gardeners grow only one or two types of roses, and others grow many varieties. Understanding the classifications will help in making your choice. Happy planting.

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